Trial By Fire by Journey free essay sample

Excursion: Trial By Fire Excursion was begun in 1973. Their lead vocalists name was Steve Perry. He has a delicate quiet voice in the collection â€Å"Trial By Fire.† The collection is a 16 tune track of sentiment. Each tune on this collection was tied in with being enamored. The band begins from San Francisco, California. They have a playful mood to their tunes so it is anything but difficult to move to. The collection is an impact in the past with Neal Schons incredible guitarist ability in the melody â€Å"One More†. I think the collection is flat and the greater part of the melodies sound the equivalent. In any case, the collection spread interested me a great deal. I like how it has neither rhyme nor reason and doesn't interface with any of the melody names or verses. Furthermore, I like how they use space subjects for the vast majority of their collection covers. We will compose a custom exposition test on Preliminary By Fire by Journey or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page They are not quite the same as the rest by not putting their band picture on any of their collection covers. I don’t regularly like love tunes yet this collection was alright for me.

Byzantine and Roman Empire Art Essay

The Byzantine Empire was the new place for the Roman Empire, however did it legitimately acquire the craftsmanship conventions from the Roman Empire? Give models in your reaction. The Byzantine individuals viewed themselves as the beneficiaries to the Roman Empire (Online Lecture) so this likewise implied they acquired the craftsmanship customs of the Roman Empire. Their figures remained with the old style of the old Greek workmanship however another tasteful and famous sort craftsmanship started to create. The new tasteful craftsmanship was made by the Christians to satisfy their strict needs. Byzantine craftsmanship supported a progressively representative way to deal with religion by portraying frontal figures against a gold foundation and the thought the subject(s) may be drifting. The topics in this craftsmanship comprised to a great extent of the consolidated religion and majestic force. This can be found in the mosaic underneath (Kleiner, 137) of Justinian and the Bishop Maxinianus. The mosaic delineates Justinian, leader of the time, in a purple loot and a radiance over his head. He likewise holds the brilliant paten, assisting with accentuating the harmony among religion and force. He is flanked by individuals from the pastorate to his left side with the most conspicuous figure the Bishop Maximianus holding a brilliant cross. To Justinian’s right show up individuals from the royal organization recognized by the purple stripe, and at the extreme left half of the mosaic seems a gathering of officers, one holding a shield bearing the Christogram . The existences of symbols, versatile artistic creations depicting Christ, Mary or holy people, were likewise significant during this time. They were more strict than tasteful in nature: particularly after the finish of iconoclasm, they were comprehended to check the one of a kind nearness of the figure portrayed by methods for a resemblance to that figure kept up through deliberately kept up groups of portrayal. The Virgin (Theotokos) and Child between Saints Theodore and George (Kleiner,138) is a genuine case of a symbol. This symbol is made on wood, and speaks to the Virgin enthroned, supporting the Child Christ in her lap and flanked by two Saints, St. Theodore on the privilege and St. George on the left, both remaining in formal posture. Two Archangels are imagined behind the focal gathering, their fully open eyes gazing upwards to paradise. Depicted frontally, on a marginally bigger scope than the remainder of the figures creating the symbol, the Virgin is situated on a seat, wearing a dim blue. Her feet dangle of the edge of the seat. Authenticity is reflected in the Virgin’s white and pink face, in her highlighted highlights and enormous different. The Christ Child is imagined situated in his mother’s lap. So the acquiring of the Roman Empire customs of craftsmanship just aided in the refining of the Byzantine tasteful and famous fine arts.

12 Nifty Things I Learned from Drawn Quarterly #25

12 Nifty Things I Learned from Drawn Quarterly #25 I love Drawn  Quarterly. They are my go-to comics publisher, because even if I dont love every single comic they produce, every single one is top quality and I have learned something about comics from them all. And because I will be learning from DQ forever and ever, I was excited to get my copy of  Drawn Quarterly: Twenty-Five Years of Contemporary Cartooning, Comics, and Graphic Novels, a celebration of the publishers quarter century in the comics business. This book is a staggering 800 pages of essays and comics from Margaret Atwood, Adrian Tomine, Chester Brown, Heather ONeill, Chris Ware, Kate Beaton, and on and on and on. Its a history of the press and a collection of comics by a ton of contemporary masters. Its a magical gift for all comics fans, and you should totally get your paws on it ASAP. In the meantime, I thought Id share 12  facts I learned from working my way through 800 pages of comics gold. Drawn Quarterly was a comics magazine first: #1 arrived in comics shops in April 1990. That first issue included an essay from founder Chris Oliveros that laid out the vision for D+Q, including a critique of the private boys club of comics and an expressly feminist intention. The first solo artist D+Q published was Julie Doucet (Dirty Plotte #1), followed by Seth (Palookaville #1), Chester Brown (Yummy Fur #25), and Joe Matt (Peepshow #1). D+Q attended its first American comics convention, San Diego Comic-Con in 1994. That was also the year Chester Brown published  I Never Liked You. Chester Browns early work includes comic versions of the Gospels. Oliveros has tried for years to publish them, but Brown always declines. D+Q was run out of Chris Oliveros (and partner Marina Lesenko)s apartment until May 2001. Many artists reminisce about visiting the cramped office and tripping over comics and a very happy child. When Peggy Burns applied to work at D+Q as a publicist in 2003, Chris Oliveros responded by saying, I cant in good conscience hire you, because he knew he couldnt pay Burns what she was making at her DC Comics job, and because she would have to move to Montreal, and because he didnt know if the press would survive. But he hired her anyway, and she has been instrumental in shaping the direction for the last decade. In 2003, D+Q sent out their  Manifesto to all booksellers, including advice on how booksellers could present and sell  comics more effectively. They were on the vanguard of helping more readers find their way to comics outside the big-2. The July 11, 2004 issue of the  New York Times Magazine featured a cover by Chester Brown having a very meta conversation about what comics are. Lynda Barry credits D+Q with resuscitating her career after a slump in the mid-2000s, which is amazing when you consider how the publication of  What It Is has transformed so many classrooms. Buried in Peggy Burns essay is word that Chris Oliveros is stepping down as publisher of D+Q; Burns will be taking over. The company is obviously in excellent hands, and maybe Oliveros will be able to get back to his own cartooning now that hes not running the press. D+Qs commitment to diversity and equality in comics production and promotion has never wavered, and this collection shows the range of comics that commitment can produce. Other comics folks take note! Sign up to The Stack to receive  Book Riot Comic's best posts, picked for you. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

12 Nifty Things I Learned from Drawn Quarterly #25

12 Nifty Things I Learned from Drawn Quarterly #25 I love Drawn  Quarterly. They are my go-to comics publisher, because even if I dont love every single comic they produce, every single one is top quality and I have learned something about comics from them all. And because I will be learning from DQ forever and ever, I was excited to get my copy of  Drawn Quarterly: Twenty-Five Years of Contemporary Cartooning, Comics, and Graphic Novels, a celebration of the publishers quarter century in the comics business. This book is a staggering 800 pages of essays and comics from Margaret Atwood, Adrian Tomine, Chester Brown, Heather ONeill, Chris Ware, Kate Beaton, and on and on and on. Its a history of the press and a collection of comics by a ton of contemporary masters. Its a magical gift for all comics fans, and you should totally get your paws on it ASAP. In the meantime, I thought Id share 12  facts I learned from working my way through 800 pages of comics gold. Drawn Quarterly was a comics magazine first: #1 arrived in comics shops in April 1990. That first issue included an essay from founder Chris Oliveros that laid out the vision for D+Q, including a critique of the private boys club of comics and an expressly feminist intention. The first solo artist D+Q published was Julie Doucet (Dirty Plotte #1), followed by Seth (Palookaville #1), Chester Brown (Yummy Fur #25), and Joe Matt (Peepshow #1). D+Q attended its first American comics convention, San Diego Comic-Con in 1994. That was also the year Chester Brown published  I Never Liked You. Chester Browns early work includes comic versions of the Gospels. Oliveros has tried for years to publish them, but Brown always declines. D+Q was run out of Chris Oliveros (and partner Marina Lesenko)s apartment until May 2001. Many artists reminisce about visiting the cramped office and tripping over comics and a very happy child. When Peggy Burns applied to work at D+Q as a publicist in 2003, Chris Oliveros responded by saying, I cant in good conscience hire you, because he knew he couldnt pay Burns what she was making at her DC Comics job, and because she would have to move to Montreal, and because he didnt know if the press would survive. But he hired her anyway, and she has been instrumental in shaping the direction for the last decade. In 2003, D+Q sent out their  Manifesto to all booksellers, including advice on how booksellers could present and sell  comics more effectively. They were on the vanguard of helping more readers find their way to comics outside the big-2. The July 11, 2004 issue of the  New York Times Magazine featured a cover by Chester Brown having a very meta conversation about what comics are. Lynda Barry credits D+Q with resuscitating her career after a slump in the mid-2000s, which is amazing when you consider how the publication of  What It Is has transformed so many classrooms. Buried in Peggy Burns essay is word that Chris Oliveros is stepping down as publisher of D+Q; Burns will be taking over. The company is obviously in excellent hands, and maybe Oliveros will be able to get back to his own cartooning now that hes not running the press. D+Qs commitment to diversity and equality in comics production and promotion has never wavered, and this collection shows the range of comics that commitment can produce. Other comics folks take note! Sign up to The Stack to receive  Book Riot Comic's best posts, picked for you. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

The Management And Human Resource Department - 2136 Words

As per the request of the strategic management team, this report will summarize my findings between the two management styles which are traditional and contemporary. This analysis will show how these two management styles will change the way we control our marketing, operations and human resource department. Our goal at Melted Makeup and Spa is to maintain a steady growth in sales while reducing our costs. I recommend implementing some of these new management models to our current departments because that is the way we will be able to grow Melted Makeup and Spa to its full potential. Marketing Department A contemporary method of marketing that can be effectively utilized to benefit us is social media. This will be vital in the†¦show more content†¦However, the difference is the sole focus of these two sites are the sharing of pictures. This will prove to be extremely valuable as it is the perfect place to encourage our clients to take pictures of the beauty services they have received and they can share them with others. YouTube is unique for that it will allow us to demonstrate our work in video form and engage a large amount of viewers. LinkedIn is the ideal place for our franchise to be able to connect with other professionals. The use of social media is definitely one of the most effective ways that businesses advertise themselves. With all of the strong advantages social media offers for advertising and marketing, it’s easy to forget that there are some negatives that exists with the use of it. Putting a business online allows customers to have the ability of being able to share their criticisms in a public way that could have the possibility of deterring potential clients. This is how the online sharing community can also greatly harm a business. The extent a business can go to, to ensure customer satisfaction and efficiency with their services will sometimes be disregarded. This is because unsatisfied customers will always be present, and they will make their presence known. This is how the online sharing community has the ability to severely harm a business. The length a business can go to ensure customer satisfaction by being efficient with their services will sometimes

Demoralization In The Awakening - 1584 Words

To demoralize someone is to dishearten or discourage them and cause them to lose hope. Kate Chopin uses words like â€Å"depressed† (56), â€Å"hopeless† (56) and â€Å"despondency† (p115) to describe Edna, the heroine, in The Awakening. Coupling this description with Edna taking her life at the end of the novel and Chopin’s own inferred demoralization, due to the almost universal aversion to The Awakening, the natural conclusion is that it is a work of â€Å"great personal demoralization†, (Companion 5) as Michael Levenson states. Levenson suggests most modernist authors and artists paint a bleak picture of their time period because they are demoralized. Although the portrait Chopin paints of female oppression in 1899 is to some degree demoralizing, the†¦show more content†¦Mrs. Pontellier’s soul is shaken, causing a seismic shift in her, but she is not the only one affected as all of the partygoers were moved by Mademoiselle Rei sz’s performance. This alludes to Kate Chopin’s desire to inspire her audience in the same manner as she purposely chooses a piece of music by the renowned composer Frederic Chopin. She suggests that art is an important aspect of an awakening as it has the ability to touch the soul. In the next scene Mrs. Pontellier suddenly learns to swim and Chopin describes, â€Å"A feeling of exultation overtook her, as if some power of significant import had been given her to control the working of her body and her soul.† (p27). Mrs. Pontellier now fully awake realizes that she has control over body, she has autonomy, and Chopin emphasizes her individuality by referring to her as Edna. Her awakening is important because in 1899, women did not have autonomy; their main purpose was domesticity. The church and patriarchy reined over women who were the property of their husbands and considered inferior to men with no sexual desire. Chopin presents Mr. Pontellier as a perfect specimen of late nineteenth century patriarchy. Some women thrive in this culture as Chopin demonstrates through Mrs. Ratignolle. However, for many women, like Edna this world was suffocating. The natural reaction to this oppression is feminism, but Chopin does not preach feminism in her novel.Show MoreRelatedPersonal Demoralization In The Awakening1561 Words   |  7 PagesPersonal Demoralization in The Awakening To demoralize someone is to dishearten or discourage them and cause them to lose hope. Kate Chopin uses words like â€Å"depressed† (56), â€Å"hopeless† (56) and â€Å"despondency† (p115) to describe Edna Pontellier, the heroine, in The Awakening. Coupling this description with Edna taking her life at the end of the novel and Chopin’s own inferred demoralization, due to the universal aversion to The Awakening, the natural conclusion is that it is a work of â€Å"great personalRead MoreLiterary Analysis: The Color Purple Essay1388 Words   |  6 Pageswriting to herself† (Bloom, and Williams 77-88). This submissive practice nonetheless carries over onto her daily life, and ensues until her relationship with Shug Avery strengthens. After Celie begins to experience a spiritual, emotional, and sexual awakening as a result of this bond, her letters reflect her newfound emotional capacity. Bloom enforces this ideal, claiming, â€Å"Shug is the route t hrough which Netties letters are restored† (Bloom, and Williams 77-88). With the figurative resurrection of herRead MoreMarlows Lack Of Restraint Essay1849 Words   |  8 Pagesway to the first station, he encounters the chief accountant of the company. â€Å"I respected the fellow. Yes; I respected his collars, his vast cuffs, his brushed hair. His appearance was certainly that of a hairdresser’s dummy; but in the great demoralization of the land he kept up his appearance. That’s backbone. His starched collars and got-up shirt-fronts were achievements of character.† (Conrad) In Marlow’s recount of his story he takes the time to note this one singular man, who embodies whatRead MoreEssay about Counter Terrorism Unit 2699 Words   |  11 Pageseffective Counter Terrorism Unit (CTU) composed of major powers throughout the globe, the leaders of many terrorist groups have determined to similarly increase cooperation in order to defeat the imperialist West and the increasing Westernization and demoralization of the world. Compared to previous attempts at international cooperation, this CTU is a serious attempt to combine forces at an international level and destroy our ability to put up resistance. As a truly worldwide effort, it will have the credibilityRead MoreEco-Buddhism7194 Words   |  29 Pagestwenty years. Antidepressants are now the commonest type of medication taken by Americans from their late teens to mid-forties.   Clinical psychologist  Bruce Levine  points out that people have been taught (through advertising) to understand demoralization or despair as a medical condition that requires a pharmacological cure. They â€Å"consume† medical treatment rather than ask pointed questions about the goals and values of their society. What if feeling demoralized is an appropriate response to deterioratingRead MoreExplain the Role of Proximity and Globality in Effectiveness6320 Words   |  26 Pagesthat the improvement of SYSTEMS need to be managed Defining the standards expected and the systems required to achieve them are a managerial responsibility. Do not change or alter the expected standard at random. This only leads to confusion and demoralization of the work force. 6. Adopt modern methods of SUPERVISION and TRAINING - eliminate fear It is all too easy to criticize mistakes, but difficult to praise efforts and achievements. Recognize efforts and provide correct training, facilitationRead MoreDiscuss the Importance of Non Verbal Communication to Education24125 Words   |  97 Pagesimplementation capacity on three levels: (a) Service delivery may diminish as sickness and death increase. Contributing factors include: * reduced staff productivity (loss of human resources, absenteeism due to illness and funeral attendance, staff demoralization and HIV/AIDS-related on-the-job fatigue). In one Ugandan agricultural extension office, four out of 22 staff had died in the last 12 months, three of these from AIDS; * increased staff turnover; * increased project expenditures due toRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 PagesOrganization: Managing in the Wake of Reengineering, Globalization, and Overwhelming Technological Change (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1994), x. BPR also fell from favor because it seemed to devalue people. Reengineering often resulted in a demoralization of the organization’s staff, especially when the employees did not understand or had little input into the organizational changes. From the employee’s point of view, it seemed that the organization’s structure was far more important than the people

Cultural Differences Between Modern Day North And South

Toronto to Texas the Journey Changes occur in every region of the world; every minute, every second. Most people generally do not approve of changes. It causes fear, mistrust, isolation, and even pain. In my youth, I liked changes. Changes were something to look forward to, it s fun to meet new people and an enjoyable way to see new places. It was useful to learn new skills and live experiences. So at the age of fifteen, my mother told me we were headed for America. No attention was given to these words, because I was a teenager who thought that the state of Texas would be quite similar to Toronto, but never did I imagine that this will completely change my perception of change. These changes have led me to understand the different culture between the north and south, not to believe in stereotypes, and made me adaptable. I can’t even begin to explain the massive cultural differences between modern-day North and South. Most people assume only climate and slang are the major difference in the two, however they could not be more wrong. Especially between Toronto and Wichita Falls, Texas. It may sound obvious but there is geographical difference. For one in the North we have more clear and fast rivers, and we almost always have a bay. While in the south, the soil is agriculturally more fertile, so in essence we see more farms and large areas of land. Also there is a huge population difference between Wichita Falls and Toronto, which is easily amongst the biggest and mostShow MoreRelatedCultural Differences Between Modern Day North And South1334 Words   |  6 Pagesunderstand the different cultures between the north and south, not to believe in stereotypes, and made me adaptable. I can’t even begin to explain the massive cultural differences between modern-day north and south. Most people assume only climate and slang are the major difference in the two, however they could not be more wrong. Especially between Toronto and Wichita Falls, Texas. It may sound obvious but there are geographical differences. For one, in the north we have more clear and fast riversRead MoreGlobal Brand Face-Off1209 Words   |  5 Pagesat all, while Dubois head of Europe marketing supportive about a global launch surround the upcoming Diana’s she Devils sequel movie seeing as thought rival competitor Revlon used the same strategy in the James Bond film, Die Another Day. Lastly Narayan head of South Asia marketing was willing to give it a shot due to the growth in India that was mentioned with sightings of Espoir products in smaller retail stores. The success of a Global launch is going to heavily factored in by the commitment andRead MoreWhat Caused The American Civi l War1634 Words   |  7 Pageshas shown all historians did agree upon the division between the North, known as the Union, and the South, known as the Confederacy, battled on the soil of the United States of America (Stampp, 1965). This battle between these two states is what created the war known as the â€Å"American Civil War.† The American Civil War erupted on April 12, 1861. The war began as a result of many years of indifferences and debates between the North and the South. Slavery was the most important issue of the AmericanRead More The American Civil War Essay1255 Words   |  6 PagesCivil War, also known as the War Between States and the War Of Secession, was an extremely gruesome and bloody war (World Book 614). The war, which started on April 12, 1861, when the southern troops fired on Fort Sumter, and ended 4 years later, took more American lives than any other war in history (614). This war was between a divided union in whish the southern states were trying to preserve slavery while the northern states were dedicated to a more modern way of life and were trying to endRead MoreAmerica: From the Signing of the Constitution to the Civil War1177 Words   |  5 Pagesclimate tightly wound around family, religion, and, for the most part, small towns, and communities. The violence increased betw een whites and Native Americans. Thomas Jefferson considered the assimilation proposal, which gave the Indians the option to become a part of white society. The natives opposed to the idea and in 1807 the whites and Indians revived their differences through war. Slavery put the new nation in a moral contradiction; it fought for freedom and practiced enslaved many. ReligionRead MoreCultural Syncretism1599 Words   |  7 PagesCultural Syncretism Abstract The concept of cultural syncretism exists when two different cultures combine their ancient beliefs of the past to create new traditions and/or beliefs. There are several cultural factors that influenced both Africa and the Americas such as weaponry, technological advancements, medical and religious. China and India’s values were quite different when it came to cultural beliefs. They would isolate themselves from outside traditions, which made them more resistant toRead MoreUrbanization in North and South by Elizabeth Gaskell Essay1146 Words   |  5 PagesThe title of the novel, North and South by Elizabeth Gaskell reinforces the idea of the conflicts that surround urbanisation as the north (Milton) represents industrialisation and all things new while the south (Helstone) encompasses urban living and the past. This essay aims to discuss the different layers of conflict between the north and the south and how the novel may be read as both an industrial novel and a romance n ovel. This essay aims to discuss how the novel tackles the conflicts in societyRead MoreThe Culture Of North Korea1189 Words   |  5 PagesCulture of North Korea A particular society that has its own beliefs and ways of life define Culture. Major characteristics that define culture are Learned Behavior, Abstract, Products of Behavior, Attitudes, and Values Knowledge. We may define culture as the total of human achievements or the way of life of the people in a certain geographical area. The Peoples Republic of North Korea is a great example of this definition. The Democratic People s Republic of Korea is a country in East Asia locatedRead More On Korea Essay1478 Words   |  6 PagesKorea was controlled by Japan. World War II broke out, and the Allies defeated the Axis powers. The country of Korea was divided into two parts -- the north and the south. The north was occupied by communist Russian forces and the south by American troops. The dividing line was the 38th parallel(see map). In 1950, a civil war began between the two Koreas, further separating them. Both countries have since established totally different ways of life that include government, economics, and lifestylesRead MoreThe South Will Rise Again1310 Words   |  6 Pagespressed to find any Southerner who does not know and understand the sentiment behind the statement, â€Å"The South will rise again.† The South is a region within the United States that does not follow the generalized ‘American rule.’ In an effort to identify what makes the South a distinctive region, one must explore the comparisons of culture, education, racism, religion, and identity of the South and its people to the rest of America. Through the use of a wide variety of statistics and comprehensive Cultural Differences Between Modern Day North And South Changes occur in every region of the globe; every minute, every second. Most individuals generally do not approve of changes. It entices fear, mistrust, isolation, and even pain. In my youth, I liked change. Changes were something to look forward to, it was fun to meet new individuals and an enjoyable way to see new places. It was useful to learn new skills and live experiences. So at the age of fifteen, my mother told me we were headed for America. No attention was given to these words, because I was a teenager who thought that the state of Texas would be quite similar to Toronto, but never could I fathom that this would completely change my perception of the world. These Challenges have led me to understand the different cultures between the north and south, not to believe in stereotypes, and made me adaptable. I can’t even begin to explain the massive cultural differences between modern-day north and south. Most people assume only climate and slang are the major difference in the two, however they could not be more wrong. Especially between Toronto and Wichita Falls, Texas. It may sound obvious but there are geographical differences. For one, in the north we have more clear and fast rivers, and we almost always have a bay. While in the south, the soil is agriculturally more fertile, so in essence we see more farms and large areas of land. Also, there is an incredible difference in population difference between Wichita Falls and Toronto, which is easily amongst the biggestShow MoreRelatedCultural Differences Between Modern Day North And South1240 Words   |  5 Pagesto understand the different culture between the north and south, not to believe in stereotypes, and made me adaptable. I can’t even begin to explain the massive cultural differences between modern-day North and South. Most people assume only climate and slang are the major difference in the two, however they could not be more wrong. Especially between Toronto and Wichita Falls, Texas. It may sound obvious but there is geographical difference. For one in the North we have more clear and fast riversRead MoreGlobal Brand Face-Off1209 Words   |  5 Pagesat all, while Dubois head of Europe marketing supportive about a global launch surround the upcoming Diana’s she Devils sequel movie seeing as thought rival competitor Revlon used the same strategy in the James Bond film, Die Another Day. Lastly Narayan head of South Asia marketing was willing to give it a shot due to the growth in India that was mentioned with sightings of Espoir products in smaller retail stores. The success of a Global launch is going to heavily factored in by the commitment andRead MoreWhat Caused The American Civil W ar1634 Words   |  7 Pageshas shown all historians did agree upon the division between the North, known as the Union, and the South, known as the Confederacy, battled on the soil of the United States of America (Stampp, 1965). This battle between these two states is what created the war known as the â€Å"American Civil War.† The American Civil War erupted on April 12, 1861. The war began as a result of many years of indifferences and debates between the North and the South. Slavery was the most important issue of the AmericanRead More The American Civil War Essay1255 Words   |  6 PagesCivil War, also known as the War Between States and the War Of Secession, was an extremely gruesome and bloody war (World Book 614). The war, which started on April 12, 1861, when the southern troops fired on Fort Sumter, and ended 4 years later, took more American lives than any other war in history (614). This war was between a divided union in whish the southern states were trying to preserve slavery while the northern states were dedicated to a more modern way of life and were trying to endRead MoreAmerica: From the Signing of the Constitution to the Civil War1177 Words   |  5 Pagesclimate tightly wound around family, religion, and, for the most part, small towns, and communities. The violence increased betw een whites and Native Americans. Thomas Jefferson considered the assimilation proposal, which gave the Indians the option to become a part of white society. The natives opposed to the idea and in 1807 the whites and Indians revived their differences through war. Slavery put the new nation in a moral contradiction; it fought for freedom and practiced enslaved many. ReligionRead MoreCultural Syncretism1599 Words   |  7 PagesCultural Syncretism Abstract The concept of cultural syncretism exists when two different cultures combine their ancient beliefs of the past to create new traditions and/or beliefs. There are several cultural factors that influenced both Africa and the Americas such as weaponry, technological advancements, medical and religious. China and India’s values were quite different when it came to cultural beliefs. They would isolate themselves from outside traditions, which made them more resistant toRead MoreUrbanization in North and South by Elizabeth Gaskell Essay1146 Words   |  5 PagesThe title of the novel, North and South by Elizabeth Gaskell reinforces the idea of the conflicts that surround urbanisation as the north (Milton) represents industrialisation and all things new while the south (Helstone) encompasses urban living and the past. This essay aims to discuss the different layers of conflict between the north and the south and how the novel may be read as both an industrial novel and a romance n ovel. This essay aims to discuss how the novel tackles the conflicts in societyRead MoreThe Culture Of North Korea1189 Words   |  5 PagesCulture of North Korea A particular society that has its own beliefs and ways of life define Culture. Major characteristics that define culture are Learned Behavior, Abstract, Products of Behavior, Attitudes, and Values Knowledge. We may define culture as the total of human achievements or the way of life of the people in a certain geographical area. The Peoples Republic of North Korea is a great example of this definition. The Democratic People s Republic of Korea is a country in East Asia locatedRead More On Korea Essay1478 Words   |  6 PagesKorea was controlled by Japan. World War II broke out, and the Allies defeated the Axis powers. The country of Korea was divided into two parts -- the north and the south. The north was occupied by communist Russian forces and the south by American troops. The dividing line was the 38th parallel(see map). In 1950, a civil war began between the two Koreas, further separating them. Both countries have since established totally different ways of life that include government, economics, and lifestylesRead MoreThe South Will Rise Again1310 Words   |  6 Pagespressed to find any Southerner who does not know and understand the sentiment behind the statement, â€Å"The South will rise again.† The South is a region within the United States that does not follow the generalized ‘American rule.’ In an effort to identify what makes the South a distinctive region, one must explore the comparisons of culture, education, racism, religion, and identity of the South and its people to the rest of America. Through the use of a wide variety of statistics and comprehensive

Extractive Industries And Indigenous People -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Extractive Industries And Indigenous People? Answer: Introduction The British settlers arrived in Australia in 1788 and since 40,000 years indigenous people lived in Australia. These indigenous people include the Aboriginal and people of Torres Straight islanders. The British colony seized land from the indigenous people. Though the rights of citizenship was deprived from the indigenous people in most states of Australia, but before the period of post war, the western legal system that had discriminators laws against indigenous people was dismantled. In the year 1967,a referendum was passed in the western legal system to protect the rights of the Aboriginal people and the 90 % approval was achieved from the electorate . After the post- war period, a policy of multiculturalism was prevalent in Australia and there was increasing immigration from Eastern and Southern Part of Europe. In the 21st century reforms, the western legal system has acknowledged the land rights of the Aboriginal community. The western legal system in Australia has evidence of r acism towards the Aboriginal community. The land was seized from the community, health of the community continued to deteriorate and in the year 2008, apology was presented by the western legal system for separating Aboriginal children who had mixed ethnicity from their parents. The Western legal system has passed several acts like the Racial Discrimination Act of 1975, racial hatred act of 1995 and Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission Act of 1986 which had policies against racial discrimination still the rights of the Aboriginal people are not fully recognized in the Western legal System (Glaskin and Weiner 2013). Discussion The British invasion in Australia in 1770 and the settlement of the Europeans in the country has deprived the indigenous community of their land rights. The first 100 years of colonization has imposed serious threats to the Aboriginal community and very few of them survived. Humanitarian societies took active steps to protect the Aboriginal community and lobbied with the Australian government to formulate laws in favor of the Aboriginal community which was already considered as a dying race by the middle of the nineteenth century. The Aboriginal communities were afflicted to atrocities and adverse circumstances by the white rural settlers. These settlers wanted the Aboriginal communities detested the presence of the Aboriginal community in their towns, public places, schools and neighborhood. The Aboriginal community was considered as a visible problem for ministers and members of the government and for the state and colonial officials. However, the Australian government formulated a vivid network of administration and Western Legal System related to and dealing with the rights of the Aboriginal community. The indigenous people had to continue living in remote places and were not in physical contact with the white people, Aborigines had to hunt to earn their livelihood. The Western Legal System was also concerned about the growing population of the half-caste, octoroon and quadroon and the groups of half castes who were mixture of Asiatic blood or Negro and the Aboriginals were a cause of concern for the Western Legal System. The half castes were considered to be neglected and destitute and they posed serious threats to the culture and race of pure white Australians. This was reflected from the beginning of the nineteenth century in records of the parliament and the Western Legal System which were concerned with the Aboriginal issues (Glaskin and Weiner 2013).The 1936 Act clearly reflects that the intention of the Western Australian government to plan for biol ogical absorption. The Aboriginal problem could be resolved by the biological absorption process and the Western Legal system could uphold a white Australia by the process. The Western Legal System continued with efforts to culturally assimilate the Aborigines. The different states of the Northern Territory adopted different process of cultural assimilation which was influenced by the Western legal system, administration, jurisdiction and policy of different states and the conditions of life of the Aboriginal community in those states determined the nature of the cultural assimilation process. The Western Legal System formulated policies and schemes for educating the Aboriginal community and there was evident effort to train and employ the members of the Aboriginal community. The Western Legal System also demonstrated efforts of proving housing facilities for the Aboriginal community into the neighborhoods of the White Community. The policies of the Western Legal System also demonst rated efforts of adoption of aboriginal children by the white families. Though the Western Legal system made consistent effort to remove any reference to race in the law and regulations which deal with the Aboriginal community, but the white communities frequently resisted the process of assimilation especially the efforts of the government to develop the education and the housing system (Moreton-Robinson 2015).There were many members of the Aboriginal activists who supported the process of cultural assimilation because of the true desire of some Australians to support the Aboriginal community who were living under poor condition of unemployment, poverty, diseases and were subjected to discrimination and prejudices. However , the motives of the Australian government behind cultural assimilation was not only humanitarian, the Western Legal system had mixed intention of preventing the resistance of the Australians towards cultural assimilation as well as to deal with the problems of r acism and the Western Legal System focused on the improvement of the national community as a whole(Koch 2013). Difference between the native title and land rights There were campaigns of equal rights for land which continued from the year 1920s to 1960s and the Australian Aboriginal land right movements of the 20th century are highly influenced by these campaigns. Three distinct phases could be observed stage of equal citizenship and civil rights for land which continued from the year 1920s to 1960s, phase of self-determination and right for land which stretched from the year from the end of 1960s to 1980s and the current phase has witnessed several campaigns to protect the Aboriginal community. In the year 1927, a modern political organization was founded by Aboriginal activists Fred Maynard and Tom Lacey which was known as Australian Aborigines Progressive Association (AAPA).In the year 1934, the Australian Aborigines League (AAL) was founded by William Cooper and Doug Nicholls in Melbourne. Members of the Communist Party of Australia (CPA) and trade unionist AP Bordeu were members of the white community who supported the Australian Aborigi nes League. In the year 1938, the 150th anniversary of white settlement was celebrated in Australia and the Australian Aborigines Progressive Association (AAPA) and the Australian Aborigines League (AAL) jointly worked to challenge this celebration. This protest received substantial coverage from the media as it was marked a significant protest from the Aboriginal community in the 21st century. The protection era was replaced by the policy of assimilation in the year 1937. The members of the Aboriginal community started to reclaim and demand rights of their long lost land (O'Faircheallaigh 2013). The members of the community were shifted to land reserves and this led to the spread of diseases among Aboriginal community. In the nineteenth and the early twentieth century, ideas were exchanged between the government officials and the Western legal system tried to discuss about the indigenous population in Australia. However in the year 1937, the first formal discussion and conference was carried during the Initial Conference of Commonwealth and the State Aboriginal Authorities to address the racial discrimination faced by the indigenous community in Australia. There were mixed views which were presented in the discussion and the Chief Protector of the Aboriginals in the Queensland argued that the biological absorption of the aboriginal race into the white race will destroy the national lives of the Aboriginal community. The Western Legal System like the British Common Law recognized the members of the indigenous people and the Aboriginal community as British subjects and entitle s them with equal rights. But the policies of the colonial government and opinion of the public has evidence of racial discrimination towards the indigenous community in Australia. In January 26, 1949 the Nationality and Citizenship Act was passed which vested upon the Aboriginal community in Australia the rights of the citizenship; however this right to citizenship co-existed with treating the Aboriginal community as mere subjects of the British(Kingsley et al 2013). The post world war II witnessed the Western Legal system to address issues like racism which dominated civil rights and services. The year 1946 witnessed a strike among stock workers of the Pilbara area of Western Australia and these workers were not receiving their due wages. Police seized the Aboriginal strikers at the revolver points and they were put in chains. Indigenous station and stock workers throughout regional Australia demanded better wages and conditions and the Pilbara strike received support from 19 unions of Western Australia, Trade and Labor councils and various federal unions. The Pilbara strike inspired the Gurindji action which was held after two decades. These campaigns for land rights, better wages and living condition by the indigenous people continued for a decade and finally in the year 1967, a referendum was passed in the Australian constitution which improved the civil rights of the Aboriginal and Torres Islander people. The referendum managed to receive 90 percentage votes but unfortunately the referendum did not vest upon the Aboriginal community the right to vote, the referendum only gave rights to the federal government to provide services to the Aboriginal people. The land rights of the Aboriginal people continued nationwide in Australia during the late part of 1960s but it can be contemplated that the civil rights and the land rights movement in Australia involving the Aboriginal communities were intertwined for decades in Australia (Weir 2013). There were campaigns of civil rights and equal opportunity to be provided to the indigenous community and these campaigns continued from the year 1920 to the year 1960. The labour party betrayed the national land rights to some extent that was promised to the Aboriginal community in 1983 and the resolution that was passed in the parliament recognized the control of the Aboriginal community in mining lands and it was proposed in the resolution that the Aboriginal land will be held under the title of inalienable freehold. The Western Legal System continued with racism towards Aboriginal community and the members of the indigenous people were banned from the Common Wealth games in Brisbane in 1982. The National Coalition of Aboriginal organizations were formed to conduct campaigns of land rights and sovereignty. The decision of the High Court in the Mabbo and Wik gave an opportunity to the Western Legal System, the white citizens to protect the rights of the indigenous people of Torres Islanders community and Aboriginal community (Bauman and Lauder 2013). The Mabo judgment of 1992 tried to eliminate fear and uncertainty of the non-Aboriginal land owners. The Native Title Act was passed by the High Court in the year 1992 and but there has been an existing myth that native rights is equivalent to land rights. The lawyers of the Mabo judgment, for instance, Stephenson and Ratnapala 1993 created the misconception and misunderstanding that the law of Australia recognized the land rights of the Aboriginal community in the year 1992.The committee of ministers of Mabo case was chaired by Prime Minister Keating and there was absence of Aboriginal voices in the Mabo and Native Title Act. Only a few members of the Aboriginal community were involved during the Keatings administration when the Mabo deal was done in 1993.An equivalence of the native title and land rights was suggested by Graeme Neate, head of the Federal Native Title Tribunal. According to him, before the Mabo case, title to specific parcels of land was vested upon the Aboriginal c ommunity, however, the traditional land rights of the Indigenous people under the traditional law was recognized by the Australian court after the Mabo decision. But according to. it can be argued that the Mabo case did not address full claim of land rights of the Aboriginal community (Morphy and Smith 2013).The Aboriginal affairs minister Robert Tickner argued that he was demoralized by the lack of commitment of the cabinet to social justice of the Indigenous people. The native title is a weak and subordinate title and it has proved to be irrelevant to more than 80 percent of the population of the Aboriginal people .Only few members of the Aboriginal community were benefited by the native title, and these people were the Aboriginal groups who lived in secluded areas of far North Queensland, and the north of Western Australia and the Torres Strait. More than 25,000 to 30,000 members of the Aboriginal community were not benefited by the native title (Short 2016). The year 2008 was of paramount importance for the Aboriginal community and the Torres Islanders people. The Howard government conservatively ruled Australia for 11 years and the Wik 10 Point Plan continued to degrade the native title of the indigenous people and these people were subjected to racial discrimination; however the labor government was elected in the year 2008 which tried to protect the rights of the indigenous people of Australia. There was National Apology to the Aboriginal community and members of the Torres Islanders from the Western Government, for depriving them of their rights to land and water. The new government recognized the rights of the indigenous people on land and water in Australia and acknowledged that native titles to the indigenous community are instrumental in protecting the social justice of the community (Altman and Jackson 2014). Conclusion It can be concluded that the western system surrounding the native title legalized the theft of the land of the Indigenous people. The native title approved the land right claims of very few members of the Aboriginal community very similar to the case of Eddie Mabo. The Mabo decision and Native Title Act was denounced by the Social Justice Commissioner- Mick Dodson of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and it can be concluded that the injustice to indigenous Australians was legalized by the native Title Act. There were 37 successful claims in the year 20024, 10 years after the Native Title came into force, but the land claims were mainly in arid regions of Western Australia, Northern Territory and Queensland was the only state that witnessed successful claims. No successful claim was made in Victoria or South Australia. Between the years 2002 to 2005, policy of the Indigenous rights shifted focus to individual rights more than right as a whole community. The native titl e of the western legal system did not benefit 80 percent of the Aboriginal community, and racial privilege was maintained but restoration of land rights and rights of the indigenous people is of paramount importance for development of the self-esteem of the community. Reference Lists Altman, J. and Jackson, S., 2014. Indigenous land and sea management.Ten commitments revisited: securing Australias future environment. CSIRO Publishing, Canberra, pp.207-216. Bauman, T. and Lauder, G., 2013.Pathways to the co-management of protected areas and native title in Australia(Vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 117-22). Glaskin, K. and Weiner, J., 2013.Customary Land Tenure and Registration in Australia: Anthropological Perspectives(p. 306). ANU Press. Kingsley, J., Townsend, M., Henderson-Wilson, C. and Bolam, B., 2013. Developing an exploratory framework linking Australian Aboriginal peoples connection to country and concepts of wellbeing.International journal of environmental research and public health,10(2), pp.678-698. Koch, H., 2013.Aboriginal Placenames: Naming and re-naming the Australian landscape. ANU Press. Moreton-Robinson, A., 2015.The white possessive: Property, power, and indigenous sovereignty. University of Minnesota Press. Morphy, F. and Smith, B.R., 2013.The Social Effects of Native Title: Recognition, Translation, Coexistence(p. 223). ANU Press. O'Faircheallaigh, C., 2013. Extractive industries and Indigenous peoples: A changing dynamic?.Journal of Rural Studies,30, pp.20-30. Short, D., 2016.Reconciliation and colonial power: Indigenous rights in Australia. Routledge. Weir, J.K., 2013.Country, native title and ecology(p. 174). ANU Press.

Skateboarder Discrimination free essay sample

Stereotypes and discrimination against skateboarders are a big enough issue that it should be discussed mostly I want to discuss this topic because of the fact that I am a skater myself. Stereotypes against skaters negatively affect us in many ways. I mean, people constantly label us based on looks and things done in the past. If you have facial piercings, gauges, etc. you are labeled as a vagrant or a juvenile delinquent. If you are riding a skateboard, you could be labeled as a juvenile.Sometimes I get blamed for vandalizing private/public property even if I’m just riding my skateboard on the sidewalk. It’s totally ridiculous because people always tried to argue with us saying that we constantly ruin their property, when it has happened in the past, but by someone else. And when something like that happens, it creates controversy. Everyone that is a skateboarder gets blamed and labeled for someone else’s actionBut for the first time in 1963, people recognized skateboarding as something cool and also recognized as a pass time sport. We will write a custom essay sample on Skateboarder Discrimination or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page And now that skateboarding had been pushed to its new limit, the cities were getting tired of having skateboarders skating every public set of steps and sliding or grinding anything they could find. The people began to stereotype skateboarders as delinquents and drug users because of their appearance and the fact that the people who didnt skate could not understand the attraction to skateboarding.They saw it as a way to let out violence or some even saw it as anarchy. As with any sport you will have the good guys and you will have the bad guys. Skateboarding has had its ups and downs but it is safe to say that it is here now and possibly at its biggest peak ever, but this will most likely lead to the greatest depression of skateboarding in history as well. But those who are true and those who are new into the sport and love it will never let it die out.

The Low Cost Airline Air Arabia Tourism Essay Example

The Low Cost Airline Air Arabia Tourism Essay Example The Low Cost Airline Air Arabia Tourism Essay The Low Cost Airline Air Arabia Tourism Essay Air Arabia is one of the low cost air hoses of UAE, based in Sharjah. It soon is runing in more than 45 finishs consisting of major metropoliss in south-east Asia, Middle-East and few parts of cardinal Asia and Africa. Air Arabia is besides registered in AACO or Arab Air Carriers Organization In the recent old ages the menace due to its replacement rivals was about nullified. They stood nowhere in forepart of Air Arabia but there had been a changeless menace from the approaching new rivals. Though the new rivals were non plenty to dispute Air Arabia, there was still some sort of menace because the Numberss of such rivals were increasing twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours. In UAE ab initio there were many air service suppliers, but in the recent times Air Arabia has proved to be the most effectual one compared to its old rivals. With the increasing oil monetary values the rivals of Air Arabia increased their monetary values, but Air Arabia kept its low budget menus in order to derive more and more public support at the cost of impermanent loss or small fringy addition. The low cost bearers are so effectual that they helped Air Arabia win Merit Award for CAPA Low Cost Airline of the Year 2006 and the World Airline Award for Best Low-cost Airline in the Middle East in 2007. The biggest menace that Air Arabia has is from its rivals. The ground for the same is that one time a company gets a comment of dissatisfying its clients by non making as advertised, the rivals take advantage. Key schemes include: Entering in new sections and therefore taking dependence on scorch section ( low cost bearer ) . Arranging financess to purchase more financess. Balancing between increasing rising prices and commanding the monetary values of the tickets. Geting new and little air hoses for faster enlargement. Geting listed at new airdromes and get downing operation in new topographic points. Supporting authorities s Emiritization scheme to acquire more federal support. Talking about the execution of schemes, for increasing its selling dimension, the company has invested over DH one million in footings of Ads, both online and print media. This would ensue in a long term net income for the company, though it s rather a heavy sum on the footing of company s current scenario. More includes: International flight linking Abu Dhabi to more than 45 international finishs in USA, Indian subcontinent etc. Air Arabia carried over 4.6 million riders, an augment of about 65.8 % over in 2006. ( Lowcostairlinesworld, 2009 ) Along with this, it besides griped 175,000 dozenss of cargo in 2007, which is an addition of over 75 % than the twelvemonth 2006. Introduction: Air Arabia is one of the low cost air hoses of UAE, based in Sharjah. It soon is runing in more than 45 finishs consisting of major metropoliss in south-east Asia, Middle-East and few parts of cardinal Asia and Africa. Air Arabia is besides registered in AACO or Arab Air Carriers Organization . It was the first low-fare organisation in the Middle-East, started on 3rd February in the twelvemonth 2003. It offers about 40 % less monetary value than the other air hoses. The chief base of the air hose is Sharjah. In 2007 it was the first to offer public 55 % of its stock. It fundamentally aims at pulling the people. After its foundation it kept on distributing in services. For the clip in 2008 it had to endorse out from the Nepal part due to some unsure political and economic issues. It has collaborated with many other air hoses in many parts of the universe. Vision: The ultimate end of the company is to place itself at the top of all the Low-fare air hoses in UAE and in Gulf. The cardinal characteristics of Vision of the company are as follows: aˆ? Expanding its aircraft scope aˆ? To supply service on more figure of paths aˆ? To heighten efficiency of operations aˆ? And to increase its gross keeping a low and simple construction of low air-fare industry. Mission: The company s mission includes edifice and making multi-functional squad, addition gross and offering a value for money services in the part. The ultimate mission is to convey a revolution in the fear industry by new and advanced corporate criterions. Industry background: The air hoses industry of UAE is huge if we look at the figure of service suppliers. There are figure of low cost air hoses. National air hoses of UAE other than air Arabia include Gulf Air, Emirates and Etihad. Gulf air was started long ago in 1950. It provides a figure of installations to its users. First it has provided many onboard installations to kids below the age of 12. For the concern related people it provides the BBC universe intelligence. It besides provides separate dinning for the riders. It is treated as a standard national flight for most of the intents. Emirates air hoses were introduced after Gulf Air in 1985. It is besides considered as a national flight. It has won several awards for its services. This air hose consists of many air planes both for public and private issues. Etihad is the most recent one and was introduced after air Arabia in the same twelvemonth. It had besides become rather popular but could non vie with Air Arabia on low cost. A Kam air menu is besides considered as one of the low cost air hoses in UAE. Among all the bing national air hoses boulder clay day of the month Air Arabia is considered to be the cheapest 1. It is non considered to be a flight with the best installation on board but of class it offers a inexpensive menu t its clients. The installations provided by these national air hoses to their clients vary from each other. All these air hoses greatly contribute to the national economic system of UAE. Statement of job: In this study, we will speak about the cardinal schemes of Air Arabia, surrogate schemes available, execution, and SWOT, PEST and rival analysis of Air Arabia. For this concern, an interview with a director of the company is organized. The Manager stated that Air Arabia is making well good in its sphere which is soon concentrated to low cost air hose section. For long term position, the company is taking to come in in more sections than this alone. There are figure of strategic jobs the company is confronting. These are: Entering in new sections and therefore taking dependence on scorch section ( low cost bearer ) . Arranging financess to purchase more financess. Balancing between increasing rising prices and commanding the monetary values of the tickets. Geting new and little air hoses for faster enlargement. Geting listed at new airdromes and get downing operation in new topographic points. Supporting authorities s Emiritization scheme to acquire more federal support. Analysis: Environmental or Industrial Analysis: Air Arabia believes in supplying a superior and cost efficient life support system by presenting advanced installations and more handiness to derive client satisfaction. It aims to be a company that has value and importance based on sort of services it provides. The organisation has certain ethical motives when it comes to staffing and squad work, keeping client relationship, honestness, truthfulness, and flexibleness are that satisfy the evidences. The clients of the Air industry are in all signifiers. The aircrafts are used for the security of states and so travel to the authorities. Then importers and exporters of the market that import goods from every bit little as veggies to autos. So in bend we besides are utilizing these services. They are used for the people to go. The aircrafts are the bulk signifier of transit in the recent times. Porter s five forces analysis The menace of utility rivals: In the recent old ages the menace due to its replacement rivals was about nullified. They stood nowhere in forepart of Air Arabia. The other replacements kept on worsening and the company Air Arabia kept on bettering speaking in footings of net income in the market. The other companies could non offer such a low menus as compared to Air Arabia whose menus were singular. The menace of the entry of new rivals There had been a changeless menace from the approaching new rivals. Every now and so many new companies were launched along with the bing 1s. They all tried to fit up to the degree of Air Arabia but finally failed to go on on a long tally. They met with immense loss and finally ended up in increasing the cost. All these rivals tried to copy Air Arabia based on service it provides, but they failed to modulate them on a regular footing based on public satisfaction and demand. The strength of competitory competition Though Air Arabia continued to rule the market in the recent old ages, it had non been an easy occupation. It ever had to maintain itself watchful and altering. Though the new rivals were non plenty to dispute Air Arabia, there was still some sort of menace because the Numberss of such rivals were increasing twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours. Air Arabia had to maintain a study of the predominating market conditions and take safe determinations to maintain traveling. Marketing facet of the company became important in keeping the market place. The bargaining power of clients Sing the bargaining power in instance of Air Arabia is a mere thing if we compare it with the installations it provides and the deficiency of able rivals. Peoples were non much into bargaining because Air Arabia had been the best available among all the others. However, in times of strong competition by some new challengers there had been some sort of bargaining by the clients, which was gracefully accepted for that period. The bargaining power of providers Suppliers in this instance refer to the stock holders of the company. They besides got a immense price reduction on available stocks. Besides the sum of available public stocks was well increased. They besides get a good sum of one-year dividend. Besides due to enlargement of their concern the stock holders made a immense net income. Rival Analysis: In UAE ab initio there were many air service suppliers, but in the recent times Air Arabia has proved to be the most effectual one compared to its old rivals. With the increasing oil monetary values the rivals of Air Arabia increased their monetary values, but Air Arabia kept its low budget menus in order to derive more and more public support at the cost of impermanent loss or small fringy addition. This was really important in giving Air Arabia a place rather different from others. Among all the bing national air hoses boulder clay day of the month Air Arabia is considered to be the cheapest 1. It is non considered to be a flight with the best installation on board but of class it offers a inexpensive menu t its clients. The installations provided by these national air hoses to their clients vary from each other. All these air hoses greatly contribute to the national economic system of UAE. SWOT Analysis: Strengths Sing the instance of Air Arabia, the low cost menu plays a important function in deriving the public involvement. The low cost bearers are so effectual that they helped Air Arabia win Merit Award for CAPA Low Cost Airline of the Year 2006 and the World Airline Award for Best Low-cost Airline in the Middle East in 2007.A With the increasing substructure, high regional GDP and a immense demand in assorted parts, air travels are lending to the success of low cost bearers in UAE. The ground for Air Arabia being so popular among all the parts of the universe is its award winning schemes. These awards add a great trade in their selling scheme which helps to bag future success. Air Arabia has been able to publicize its concern in the undermentioned ways: Travel bureau committees stopped Removal of interline, code-share relationships Use of secondary or alternate metropolis airdromes ( Eyefortravel, 2008 ) A As a figure of people have begun to experience the same, it is surely a positive facet of advertisement for Air Arabia. Failing The greatest failing that most of the air hoses companies are confronting presents is that they have non been able to populate up to their outlooks. On many occasions, Air Arabia has agreed on certain winging to certain finishs but it has non lived up to it. One such concern is that when the air hose company promised to wing to some of the most restricted finishs in the universe, it could non do it to Cairo as it most extremely expected by the tourers and other regular riders. So, as the advertizement said they did non book their expensive tickets through different air hose companies but at the same clip did non acquire the chance to go at all. Some of the major accoutrements as expected by the riders in Air Arabia in malice of its low cost are as follows: Amenity Kits Air Sickness Bags In-flight socks Eye sunglassess Blankets Headsets Opportunities High GDP Growth Ratess: Petroleum extraction and refinement operations have been on an all clip high in the UAE in the past few old ages. This has helped in the encouragement of the economic system of UAE. Air Arabia can take advantage of this fact and can assist do the usage of its low cost bearers more outstanding. A Positive Demographics: The per centum of young person ( under 30 old ages ) in the UAE is 64 % . This will supply a high in the hereafter market as liberalisation opens market even to air travel. It is one of the of import factors for Air Arabia to choose its aiming scheme. Strong Tourism: The energy and entrepreneurial spirit of the middle-east part is pulling touristry and concern traffic in its ain right. Ad can be done with all the touristry companies so as to do the circuit extremely low-cost for the tourers. Menaces The biggest menace that Air Arabia has is from its rivals. The ground for the same is that one time a company gets a comment of dissatisfying its clients by non making as advertised, the rivals take advantage. The other ground of menace for Air Arabia is that all the freshly unifying air hose companies are in a fling to capture the market by doing a strong repute. Once they come up with monetary value menus lesser than Air Arabia so even the best of advertisement would neglect. Company s public presentation: Air Arabia is one of the low cost air hoses of UAE, based in Sharjah. It soon is runing in more than 45 finishs consisting of major metropoliss in south-east Asia, Middle-East and few parts of cardinal Asia and Africa. Air Arabia is besides registered in AACO or Arab Air Carriers Organization . The company s mission includes edifice and making multi-functional squad, addition gross and offering a value for money services in the part. It was the first low-fare organisation in the Middle-East, started on 3rd February in the twelvemonth 2003. It offers about 40 % less monetary value than the other air hoses. The chief base of the air hose is Sharjah. In 2007 it was the first to offer public 55 % of its stock. It fundamentally aims at pulling the people. After its foundation it kept on distributing in services. For the clip in 2008 it had to endorse out from the Nepal part due to some unsure political and economic issues. It has collaborated with many other air hoses in many parts of t he universe. ( Ameinfo, 2009 ) Cardinal Schemes: A cardinal strategic issue includes: Entering in new sections and therefore taking dependence on scorch section ( low cost bearer ) . Arranging financess to purchase more financess. Balancing between increasing rising prices and commanding the monetary values of the tickets. Geting new and little air hoses for faster enlargement. Geting listed at new airdromes and get downing operation in new topographic points. Supporting authorities s Emiritization scheme to acquire more federal support. The company is seeking to present low cost flights so that more and more people avail them. There are fundamentally aiming on two countries. First of all they are cut downing some unneeded installations on short clip journeys. Removing these installations based on such a low cost barely affects public involvement. Second, they are seeking to cut down the carnival on some paths and at the same clip increasing the figure of flights on these paths. This means deriving public involvement and support based on low fringy net income. Other than offering inducements to its clients it besides offers heavy dividend and price reductions to stock holders. It was the first flight to supply so much of discount to its clients and stock holders. It keeps on increasing the installations offered in order to maintain the involvement maintained. ( Ameinfo, 2009 ) Air Arabia has late expanded its aircraft ranges. It has tried to spread out the concern in by presenting new paths in many parts of the part. There are more and figure of aircrafts in the parts where there were less no of aircrafts. Now the flights are available more often in some paths based on sum of net income made in the bing paths. In order to increase the value of its stocks in the market, the company has released more no of stocks to the populace with price reductions. The schemes, the growing and the hereafter programs offered by Air Arabia are sufficient to pull more and more stock holders which finally lead to enlargement in footings to money, power and public support. It has besides appeared on many other stock lists and minutess are besides about to get down. ( Eyefortravel, 2008 ) The company had been really peculiar in make up ones minding the cost of conveyance. It kept in head the rise and the falling monetary values of oil and other equipments, straight or indirectly related to their concern. In other words, they maintained a complete study of the predominating market. With the addition in the fuel monetary values many air hoses companies increased their monetary values and frailty versa. There are other schemes which were used for selling at fiscal degree. The company has gained a batch from them. The net income border has increased by 40 % in the recent old ages and there are still opportunities of farther addition. These all schemes have proved fruitful both for the company and the company stock holders which are straight or indirectly related to the company. The company has been able to keep up to the outlooks of its employees and its clients. Air Arabia greatly contributes in the UAE economic system. Recently it got an blessing to look on Dubai fiscal list. The Air Arabia is traveling to look on stock list of Dubai fiscal market and trading it will be started in few yearss. The manner Air Arabia is utilizing the budget and the manner it is using the schemes it is believed that in the clip to come if there is a slow economic system advancement, Air Arabia entirely can manage it. Strategic Options: Some schemes of Air Arabia for future few old ages are as follows: Expanding its aircraft scope: One of import restraint in company s enlargement program is the limited figure of lading and rider planes available to the company. The company will put periodic orders for new aircrafts to back up its enlargements programs. To supply service on more figure of paths: The company would wish to function in European states and other untasted finishs in North and South America. The enlargement will give a huge increase in company s present market size. To heighten efficiency of operations: As a long term scheme, the company would wish to implement TQM schemes in its operations. Increase its gross keeping high and choice construction of epicurean aircraft industry Another one is Emiritization and promotion of UAE people. The company has a figure of programs in this way with long term involvement which are mentioned as follows: UAE National Cadet Pilots Training or UNCPT The company invites aspirers who what to go a pilot with a statement like We are giving wings to your dreams . Its pilot preparation plan is one of the finest in the state. The company states that as the public Airline of the United Arab Emirate, it has an huge vision. To see farther Emiratis taking their right place as pilots in lone of the fastest mounting air hoses on the planet. UAE National Graduate Entry Management Plan The public air hose of the UAE, Air Arabia, is puting in its mentality and would accordingly like to pass in people by giving them the opportunity to be 1 of the privileged pupils chosen to fall in its UNGEM plan. It states that by this plan, alumnuss will develop hardy leading abilities and organize a aggregation of professionals who are organized to run into rapidly spread outing and developing leading wants in assorted subdivisions within the company. ( Eyefortravel, 2008 ) Enhancing the lading bearer s flights: As shown from the part of net income from the lading and client units, the lading unit contributes around 65 % of the company s turnover, which depict the clear laterality of lading unit over the client unit in footings of net income. The company would wish to use this religion of people in Air Arabia s lading unit to derive extra market portion. Therefore as an enlargement program for lading unit, the company is telling more portion of lading planes as compared to that of rider planes. Cleavage and targeting: The Company had divided the consumer market into assorted sections based on income and profession. The section which appears to be the centre of consideration for the company is those of high gaining boniness people who need to go systematically and comfortably. Positioning: It s really consumer s perceptual experience about the service. Royal Jet, from the beginning has tried to set up as a symbol for a inexpensive but dependable air traffic concern spouse. Execution: Air Arabia greatly contributes in the UAE economic system. Recently it got an blessing to look on Dubai fiscal list. The Air Arabia is traveling to look on stock list of Dubai fiscal market and trading it will be started in few yearss. It has already started offering discounts on stocks to its clients. The national economic system of UAE is traveling to be benefited by the sort of schemes being forwarded by Air Arabia. Not merely are they traveling to hold a immense concern but besides a immense investing in the stocks by the common people. The market is traveling to be greatly affected. Many new services are being started. The UAE authorities believes that Air Arabia can alone increase the UAE economic system from traveling down. It has now met with 32 % net income which is the highest of all time in the recent old ages. For increasing its selling dimension, the company has invested over DH one million in footings of Ads, both online and print media. This would ensue in a long term net income for the company, though it s rather a heavy sum on the footing of company s current scenario. ( Arabia, 2009 ) Use of engineering: The Company has late brought 7 new aircrafts with increased capacities and progress engineering. As the company is still really new, about all of the aircrafts are in good status. Talking about other technological diffusion parametric quantities, the company has late brought a SAP system which is an adept system from Sap international. This expert system is Artificial Intelligence based and works on cognition representation instead than informations use, therefore is extremely proficient and progress. The operation unit exploits the SAP system to expeditiously supervise the assorted facets and stock list components. The company besides has an on-line terminus to book tickets and offers assorted programs in flights harmonizing to client demands. International flight linking Abu Dhabi to more than 45 international finishs in USA, Indian subcontinent etc. Air Arabia carried over 4.6 million riders, an augment of about 65.8 % over in 2006. Along with this, it besides griped 175,000 dozenss of cargo in 2007, which is an addition of over 75 % than the twelvemonth 2006. ( Ameinfo, 2009 ) Air Arabia owns complete portion is its two subordinates, Air Arabia Holidays, a travel group and vehicle rental company and Air Arabia Crystal Cargo , which provides cargo managing services. Air Arabia had a 24 hr aid line for its clients. Air Arabia besides provides cordial reception services by supplying impermanent adjustment in hotels. ( Arabia, 2009 ) The Air Arabia owned a group of 37 traveller and lading aeroplanes, as depicted by the information of January 2008 and it program is to increase its aircraft group to 300 by the twelvemonth 2020. Air Arabia is besides be aftering to wing over 25 million clients per twelvemonth by 2020 and to twofold the figure of metropolitans served from 50 to do it near 100. Market cleavage: Soon the market is segmented on the footing of income and going frequence of the people. It consequences in coevals of sections like high concern category consumers, consumers going excessively frequently but using less, touristry based consumers ( non fixed ) etc. Apart from these sections, a assortment of new sections can be created like low-spending domestic category, chiefly for touristry. As illustration of this section can be India s turning domestic air power market which depends small disbursement but big sized section. Talking about the rival s engagement in these sections, Etihad is a large participant of inexpensive flights sections along with Easy jet. Some other like Palm operates in multiple sections. Some rivals are head to head challenger of Air Arabia in Luxury market like Sky jets etc. Thus the rivals are widely spread in these sections. Mentions: Ameinfo ( 2009 ) , Air Arabia selling squad takes centre phase , retrieved on 1st November, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ameinfo.com/29672.html Eyefortravel ( 2008 ) , Air Arabia plans enlargement , retrieved on 1st November, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.eyefortravel.com/news/middle-east/air-arabia-plans-expansionddle-east/air-arabia-plans-expansion Lowcostairlinesworld ( 2009 ) , Invention and chance for traditional and low cost bearers and investors , retrieved on 31st October from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.lowcostairlinesworld.com/sg/programme.stm Air Arabia ( 2009 ) , Know us , retrieved on 1st November, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.airarabia.com/crp_1/know-more

Fashion marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Fashion marketing - Essay Example It takes over other stores to enter a new market and because of the brand name, it is able to quickly settle in. (International Operations, 2008) As mentioned above, Wal-Mart has a simple strategy which it practices around the globe. This has been the reason why Wal-Mart hasn't been able to do well in Germany and China. The same strategy cannot be implemented across cultural and geographical boundaries. Despite the standard strategies around the world, Wal-Mart has to adapt to an extent like the low budget stores in Brazil and small subway stores in China. The global initiative does not support its marketing strategy very well in all regions, Wal-Mart needs to adapt and be flexible in order to be success. (International Operations, 2008) Currently it does not seem that Wal-Mart will be successful in Japan or German. To be successful, the management should study the local conditions of store chains that are functioning well and adopt a similar marketing strategy since learning is the best thing to do. Also Japan and Germany are very quality conscious thus the best thing is to give them high quality products at higher rates. And also before starting any operations, Wal-Mart should perform an extensive market research like the one being conducted in India. According to the conclusion th

Understanding of the Internets core elements & workings Essay

Understanding of the Internets core elements & workings - Essay Example Understanding of the Internets core elements & workings In client/server architecture, the application and database reside on one host computer, the file server and each server is accessible by all computers on the network. The Internet transmits data from host to client server, and if it finds the receiving computer on a network to which the first computer is directly connected, it sends the message directly. If the receiving computer is not on the same network as the sending computer, the sending computer relays the message to another computer that can forward it. The same way the computers communicate through the network to access Internet. Network that link systems worldwide to access the Internet pass data in form of chunks called Packets, each of which carries the address of its sender and its receiver. The set of conventions used to pass packets from one host to another is known as Internet Protocol (IP). In order to access the Internet one must have an account with the service provider and software that allows a direct link via TCP/IP. LAN/WAN servers are used for communication. Internet is a connection of interconnected networks, which are capable of freely exchanging information while WWW is an Internet service-comprising tens of thousands of independently owned computers that work together as one. These computers are called web servers scattered all over the world and contain every type of data.

National Transportation Safety Board Aircraft Accident Brief

National Transportation Safety Board Aircraft Accident Brief Accident Summary The Hendricks Motorsport plane crash occurred on 24 October 2001.   The airplane crashed in the mountainous regions in Stuart Virginia killing the crew and passengers aboard. The plane crash occurred after a missed landing on the runway 30 of the Martinsville Blue Ridge Airport (NTSB, 2006).   The plane contained two crewmembers and eight passengers who were part of the Hendricks Motorsport Racing team.   All the people on the aircraft died in the accident.   The plane crashed and exploded into flames after impact.   The team was traveling from Concord airport in North Carolina for a racing event. Information from the FAA records of communications and operations of the flight shows that the plane followed all the right procedures including altitude and headings.   However, the problem arose while approaching the Martinsville airport runway (NTSB, 2006).   The plane scheduled a landing on runway thirty but failed to do so under the advisement of the controller tower.   The controller informed the crew that they were second in line for the runway and initiated a holding pattern that extended to 28 minutes.   The flight crew received the message and started 5-mile legs to wait. The team undertook a five-mile holding pattern by making a right turn and ascent to 4000 ft.   The team went on with the holding pattern until the controller cleared them for landing and instructed them to announce their approach to the runway (NTSB, 2006).   The crew followed instructions, informed the controller of the inbound approach, and began their descent to the runway.   The controller confirmed the approached through the radio frequency and the crew proceeded with the approach by descending from 3900ft to 1400ft.   The plane maintained this attitude for approximately over one minute.   It was then that the team announced a missed approach was prompting the controller to ask for confirmation.   The crewmembers ceased all communications after confirming the missed approach.   The Controller further advised the flight crew to ascend to 4400ft but received no response and lost the radar. The Bull Mountains of Stuart Virginia were the scene of the crash about 2400ft away from the landing site.   Eyewitness reports indicated that the aircraft was operating efficiently before the accident.   The engine produced a smooth continuous sound that may have meant idling (NTSB, 2006).   Further reports showed that the plane was flying extremely low at a slow velocity.   There did not seem to be any challenges to the aircrafts performance at the time. However, it is important to note that there was fog in the atmosphere at the date of the crash.   The fog was a factor limiting visibility as it covered the Bull Mountains.   Reports indicate the visibility was up to a quarter mile. A review of the pilots credentials presented him as qualified. He had an estimated 10,733 hours of flight with almost 2000 in the Beech aircraft.   He was 51 years of age and had a significant amount of experience as a pilot.   He had also undergone rigorous training and passed his previous reviews.   The first officer had less experience totaling to 2090 hours of flight (NTSB, 2006).   However, she was qualified evidenced by her qualifications and past performance.   The multiengine plane had passed inspection a few months later with an accumulated flight time of 8079 hours.   The plane had a GPS system with an old database.   It also lacked ground proximity detectors that would have warned the pilot when flying at low altitudes.   The plane was scheduled for a systems upgrade later in the year.   The weather report during the accident indicated cloudy atmosphere with high humidity and patchy fog.   A pilot for the plane ahead of the Hendrickss Motorsports plane claimed that the climate under the clouds had relatively high visibility up to 2 miles.   However, the weather kept on shifting during the flight. Reference NTSB, (2006). Accident Investigations NTSB National Transportation Safety Board. App.ntsb.gov. Retrieved 15 February 2017, from https://app.ntsb.gov/investigations/fulltext/AAB0601.html

The Taino and the Spanish Essay -- History Spanish Historical Papers

The Taino and the Spanish Cristà ³bal Colà ³n landed on an unknown island in the Caribbean on October 10, 1492. He planted banners in the beach claiming the land for the Spanish throne. Colà ³n’s perceptions and interactions with the indigenous people, the Taino, sparked the events that lead to the colonization of the Americas. Colà ³n’s perceptions of the Taino were misinterpreted by him. His misconceptions about the Taino were built from a compilation of his own expectations, readings of other explorers, and strong religious influence in Western Europe. The Taino also misunderstood the Spanish as well. Their false beliefs about the Spanish were driven by their religious beliefs as well as their mythology. Through misunderstandings backed by the religions, physical appearances, and the histories of both the Taino and the Spanish, the Taino believed that the Spanish were god-like figures that fell from the sky, while the Taino were perceived by the Spanish as simplistic, uncultured natives, that would be easily converted to Christianity and used as servants (Wilson, Hispanola p. 48-49).1 To better comprehend these events one must look at the preceeding events in both the lives of the Taino and The Spanish. Before the time of Cristà ³bal Colà ³n, Spain had recently had several encounters with colonization. They had taken over the kingdom of Granada and the Canary Islands. These colonizations gave Spain their model for subsequent colonizations. The dominance of Christianity in the colonizations was quite evident. Religious unity was believed to be required for social order and was a premise for the exercise of power (Quesada, Implicit Understanding p. 97-107).2 This relates to the Taino in that the Spanish believed the Taino would be c... ... encountered the Taino is dependent upon the understanding the religious and historical backgrounds of both. One must understand that the mythology of the Taino, the expectations of the Spanish, and the appearances of both played a major role in the reactions of these two cultures when they collided. Works Cited Colà ³n, Cristobal. The Diario of Cristà ³bal Colà ³n’s Voyage to America, Transcription and Translation Oliver Dunn and James E. Kelley Jr. de Las Casas, Bartolomà ©. The Devastation of the Indies: A Brief Account. Translation, Briffault, Herma, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London  © 1992. Quesada, Miguel. Miguel Quesada, â€Å"Spain 1492: Social values and structures,† Stuart Schwartz, ed. Implicit Understandings, Cambridge University Press. The Mission. Directed by Joffà ©, Roland. Written Credits, Bolt, Robert. Genre, Drama.  ©1986.

U.S. Economy in the 19th Century

Peter Hart History 1:00-1:50 U. S. Economy in the 19th Century The Industrial Revolution first took place in Britain where it spread like wild fire. Eventually it made its way to America in the late 1800’s to the 19th century where it would eventually change America in every aspect. The American Revolution began because of a single British man named Samuel Slater who brought over manufacturing technologies. The creation of the cotton gin by Slater would soon be the beginning of the Industrial Revolution.The Industrial Revolution brought many new ideas and inventions that made the economy boom. The North would be the first to start the Industrial Revolution while the South stayed true to their old ways; agriculture. The effects of the Industrial Revolution put a strain on both the South and the North. On top of all of this, many changes were being made in this time period such as transportation, manufacturing, and communications. All of these changes transformed the daily lives of Americans as much as it did as any other historical event that has happened in history.Because of this major event, many effects were being taken place; Unions, working conditions and labor itself were accounted for the changes in the 19th century. The North started out as a commercial industry where trading and selling was a big part of American life. Before the Industrial Revolution hit America, people made all of their goods/products in their homes. Factories weren’t that prominent in the North until the Industrial Revolution came by. Technological advancements were nowhere to be found because they were used to making everything at home by hand.The South was farther behind in innovations than the North itself. They were strictly agricultural and farming. In due time though, a man named Samuel Slater brought over new manufacturing technologies from Britain to the United States where it would start the Industrial Revolution. From there, many more inventions were created such as the steamboat by Robert Fulton which marked the beginning in technological innovations. This invention would make transportation of goods and services quicker and more effectively. Another invention during this time period was the telegraph. The telegraph was reated by Samuel Morse. This invention was created in 1837 which allowed America to send messages to international countries all around the world. The new inventions being created in America would lead America in a direction of prosperity and a dominant force in production and at the same time agricultural ways. America would eventually emerge as the center of industry and agricultural in the late 19th century. As an effect of the Industrial revolution, population tripled, farming doubled in the amount of work due to technological inventions such as the steel plow by John Deere.This invention allowed farmers to plow fields faster and plow more fields without having to change the iron plow every time they uproot the grou nd. Due to this invention, more workers were needed to harvest the crops when the time came. Fortunately, a certain invention was made that helped the harvesting process go quicker and more efficiently. This invention was known as the reaper which was made in 1831 by Cyrus McCormick. Certain inventions helped working production go a lot faster than it was before the Industrial Revolution started. The U. S.Patent Office had a record of 276 inventions during the 1790’s, during the 1890’s a record of 235,000 inventions were registered. At first, the South was resistant against this new generation of inventions and industrialized cities. Ultimately, the South would fall under the new ways of the North. From 1880 to 1900, the amount of cotton mills increased dramatically; 161 to 400 in less than decade. As the need for workers rose, so did the amount of cotton. The amount of cotton increased by eightfold while the amount of workers increased by fivefold.All of these increas es resulted in the creations of new inventions. As production increased, so did the need for labor. But as labor increased, so did changes in working conditions, labor itself, and Unions were created on behalf of all of the workers. Even though all of these inventions prospered America, working conditions in the factories that were producing goods such as steel, cotton fabric, and other goods were bad and harmful for the workers. The life of a 19th-century American industrial worker was far from easy. Even in decent times, wages were low, hours were long, and working conditions hazardous.Little of the wealth which the growth of the nation had produced went to its workers. The situation was worse for women and children, who made up a high percentage of the work force in some industries and often received but a fraction of the wages a man could earn. Periodic economic crises swept the nation, further eroding industrial wages and producing high levels of unemployment. At the same time, the technological improvements, which added so much to the nation's productivity, continually reduced the demand for skilled labor.Yet the unskilled labor pool was constantly growing, as record numbers of immigrants, 18 million between 1880 and 1910, entered the country, looking for work. Before 1874, when Massachusetts passed the nation's first legislation limiting the number of hours women and children factory workers could perform to 10 hours a day, there was literally no labor legislation that existed in the country. It was not until the 1930s that the federal government would become actively involved. Until then, it was left to the state and local authorities, few of whom were as responsive to the workers as they were to wealthy industrialists.The laissez-faire capitalism, which dominated the second half of the 19th century and fostered huge concentrations of wealth and power, was backed by a judiciary which time and again ruled against those who challenged the system. For mil lions, living and working conditions were poor, and the hope of escaping from a lifetime of poverty was slight to none. As late as 1900, the United States had the highest job-related death rate of any industrialized nation in the world. Most industrial workers still worked a 10-hour day (12 hours in the steel industry), yet earned from 20 to 40 percent less than the minimum deemed necessary for a decent life.The situation was only worse for children, whose numbers in the work force doubled between 1870 and 1900. On top of working in harsh conditions, workers had to face low wages and long hours that consisted of a 60 hour week load. These conditions were outrageous and then eventually led to the forming of unions. The first major effort to organize workers' groups on a nationwide basis appeared with The Noble Order of the Knights of Labor in 1869. Originally a secret, ritualistic society organized by Philadelphia garment workers, it was open to all workers, including blacks, women a nd farmers.The Knights grew slowly until they succeeded in facing down the great railroad baron, Jay Gould, in an 1885 strike. Within a year they added 500,000 workers to their rolls. The Knights of Labor soon fell into decline, and their place in the labor movement was steadily taken by the American Federation of Labor (AFL). Rather than open its membership to all, the AFL, under former cigar union official Samuel Gompers, focused on skilled workers. His objectives were straight-forward and simple: increase wages, reduce hours and improve working conditions.Per se, Gompers helped turn the labor movement away from the socialist views earlier labor leaders had supported. Due to the capital not granting their goals, riots started to break out. A certain riot known as the Great Rail Strike of 1877 was taken place because of 10 percent cut in wages. This started a line of riots that spurted throughout the country. Finally, after many riots and negotiating with the bosses at the factorie s, conditions in factories were better and hours were decreased and wages were increased.Child labor laws were forced upon everyone, while women were given the chance to have equal opportunities and equal wages as men. All of these effects of the Industrial Revolution played a vital role in forming what is now known as America today. The Industrial Revolution led America in a way that forever changed it. It was one of the most historic events to ever happen in American history. Due to new inventions and ideas, America was led into an Industrial Revolution. With the Industrial Revolution came more jobs and Unions to protect the people in the factories from harsh working conditions, long hours, and small wages. .

Pricing Options Using Binomial And Trinomial Methods - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 3083 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Compare and contrast essay Did you like this example? Published in the 1970s, the Black-Scholes-Merton model provided an entirely new definition for the financial option market, half a century later the Binomial tree option pricing model was published, and that is the true key that allows the option market to be generalized to the world. Based upon the Binomial model, the Trinomial option pricing model was built to reduce possible errors and persons thus expected it to be a better approach. Still how much better is the Trinomial model, and is it worth spending the time on calculations? These will be the key comparisons provided in this dissertation. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Pricing Options Using Binomial And Trinomial Methods" essay for you Create order The comparisons are based upon computer calculating time used, and approximation error. An illustrative example is used to build the data base for further comparison of the convergence speed of these two models. All the values are calculated using the Matlab program and Casio calculators in order to provide examples of the assumption that the Trinomial option pricing model is a better model in reducing the approximation error, but takes much longer than the Binomial tree model to get the results. Chapter 1 introduction The emergence of financial derivatives in the 1970s marked a highly significant and exciting event in the history of finance. Options trading began in the United States and European markets in the late eighteenth century, and over the last 20 years, options played a key role in all financial derivatives. The option price was an old question for the financial world. Back in the 1900s Louis Bachelier published his academic dissertation à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ThÃÆ' ©orie de la speculationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Theory of Speculation), which became known by the public as the milestone of modern finance. The à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“random walk theoryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, which built a random model of the stock priceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s changing pattern and how it follows in the stock market, was first applied in his paper. In 1964, Paul Samuelson (Nobel Prize in Economic Science winner) revised L.Bachelierà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s model, and instead of the stock price he used stock returns to eliminate the negative figu res which might occur in L.Bachelierà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s model. Based upon this new model P.Samuelson also studied the Call Option pricing problem, and built a pricing equation for it. Although the equation was quite a beauty to watch, it could not be used in real world dealings since two of the main factors depended upon the investorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s personal predilection. Futures and options are traded actively on many exchanges throughout the world. Before any certain systematization models of the option had been created it was impossible for people to evaluate any kind of option price in a common way. Any approximations of the price based traderà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s personal experience would well likely result in mistakes. The only method to maximize the good of the option price would be to build a standard and systematization model and find the quantification of the option trading. This was an important event in the financial world at that time. Since the emergent of optio n trading, and especially of securities options trade, researchers have been busy in the studies of options pricing. In 1973, Fischer Black and Myron Scholes published à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The Pricing of Options and Corporate Liabilitiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? at the University of Chicago, where they presented the famous Black-Scholes model for options pricing (B-S model for short). They derived a partial differential equation, which governs the price of the option over time. Once it has been published, the B-S model received strong responses and gained a breakthrough in this field. While some researchers conducted thorough tests on the modelà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s accuracy, many others presented various opinions on the problems in the model and expanded on them for the purposes of improvement and extension. Because of this glary partial differential equation and all of the contribution that it had created, M.Scholes and R.Merton (F.Black was deceased) both won the Nobel Prize for Economics. In 1 979, Cox, Ross and Rubinstein published a paper called Option Pricing: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“A Simplified Approachà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, and in a simple manner obtained the pricing formula using the Binomial model, which was applied widely. This is the event that really changed the option trading market because it made option trading more transparent to most traders, and advanced the improvement of the market. During the option, the trading market developed more and more different sorts of option models, with the most famous and widely used models being the European option and American option. As these two options were named, they were mainly applied in Europe and America and the main difference between the two options is when the option will be fulfilled (I will fully explain this at a later stage). The Binomial option pricing model is essentially a Binomial Tree which shows possible values that an underlying asset or stock initial stock price can take, and the resulting value of the option pr ice at each individual stage of the asset. The main idea of the tree is constructed by assuming that the stock can only go up or down by a factor related to the length of time period, and volatility of the stock. Trinomial model was developed by Prelim Boyle in 1986; it is an adjusted and improved version of the Binomial Tree. Instead of assuming the stock can only go up or down, the Trinomial Tree allows a third choiceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ the stock remains constant. Compared to the Binomial and Trinomial tree model, the Black-Scholes model is a more mathematical and theoretical model: V = SN (d1) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" N (d2) (Will be explained at later stage) Although the binomial option pricing model and trinomial tree values converge on the Black-Scholes formula value as the number of time steps increases. With these two simplified methods the option pricing theory and option market became more generalized and easier for the public. With the time flows, the option market began to prevail all over the world, and therefore more and more specific different types of options were created to adapt to the disparate country. In this dissertation I will mainly study and present the relation and difference between the Black-Scholes model, the Binomial Option Pricing model and the Trinomial Tree model, in both a mathematical and financial way. Chapter 1: This chapter is mainly about the Black-Scholes modelà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s differential equation, including every valuable deduction I provide a few interesting examples to give a straight forward view of this method. Chapter 2: In this chapter I will explore the Binomial pricing model with European and American options. By presenting the formulas and equations I will study how to calculate the option price and explain some basic financial terms. At the main time I will also compare the results of the Binomial Tree model to the Black-Scholes model. Chapter 3: In this chapter I will demonstrate the Trinomia l model with examples and large amount of figures by using the Matlab software. The European and American options will be compared with the Trinomial model. Chapter 4: In the last chapter in my dissertation I will look at how effectively the Trinomial tree model is improved based on the Binomial model. The Matlab code I wrote will help me process this comparison up to a million steps. This will be my thesis of this dissertation and this project. 1.1 Risk Many of the valuation and risk management principles apply across all financial options. In this section, I will first briefly introduce some basic concepts and features of risk management and financial derivatives, especially the option pricing problems. RiskUncertainty of the result The risks obtained and a personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s unexpected profit is the same as bringing loss or even damage to a person. In the financial market, risk is ubiquitous with: asset risk (stock), currency risk (exchange rate): credit risk, and so on. There are two ways of facing the risks. Risk Avoidance Risk-taking The process of selecting investments with higher risk in order to profit from an anticipated price movement, is called speculation. Financial derivatives are types of risk management instruments whose payoff depends upon the behaviour of the underlying assets. The most common derivatives are forward contracts, futures and options. Forward contract: A cash market transaction in which delivery of the commodity is deferred until after the contract has been made. Although the delivery is made in the future, the price is determined  on the initial trade date. The party agreeing to buy the underlying asset in the future is called a long position, and the party agreeing to sell the asset in the future is called a short position. The value of a forward position at maturity depends upon the relationship between the delivery price (K) and the underlying price (ST) at that time. For a long position this payoff is: fT = ST à ¢Ã‹â€  K For a short position, it is: fT = K à ¢Ã‹â€  ST Forward contract is normally traded over-the counter, OTC. Futures contracts are very similar to forward contracts, except they are not exchange-traded or the contract is standardized, and thus does not have the interim partial payments due to marking to market. Before studying the Binomial Tree method, I will look at what options are. 1.2Options An option is a derivative financial instrument that gives the buyer or holder the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an underlying financial asset or commodity. The buyer of the option gains the right, but not the obligation, to engage in some specific transaction on the asset. An option which conveys the right to buy something is called a call option, and an option which has the right to sell is called a put option. The reference price at which the underlying may be traded is called the exercise price or strike price. Most options have an expiration date. The process of activating an option is called exercise. If the option is not exercised by the expiration date, it becomes void and worthless. The options and related concepts can be classified into the following types: 1. Exchange-traded options Exchange-traded options (also called listed options) are a class of exchange-traded derivatives. Exchange traded options have standardized contracts, and are set tled through a clearing house with fulfillment guaranteed by the credit of the exchange. Since the contracts are standardized, accurate pricing models are often available. Exchange-traded options include:[4][5] stock options, commodity options, bond options and other interest rate options stock market index options or, simply, index options and options on futures contracts callable bull/bear contract 2. Over-the-counter Over-the-counter options (OTC options, also called dealer options) are traded between two private parties, and are not listed on an exchange. The terms of an OTC option are unrestricted and may be individually tailored to meet any business need. In general, at least one of the counterparties to an OTC option is a well-capitalized institution. Option types commonly traded over the counter include: Interest rate options Currency cross rate options, and Option on swaps or swaptions. 3. Option styles Some options with complex financ ial structures are called exotic options, and these include: Barrier option any option with the general characteristic that the underlying securitys price must pass a certain level or barrier before it can be exercised. Double barrier option-A double barrier option involves a mechanism where if either of two limit prices is crossed by the underlying, the option either can be exercised or can no longer be exercised. Cumulative Parisian barrier option à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"A cumulative Parisian barrier option involves a mechanism where if the total amount of time the underlying asset value has spent above or below a limit price, the option can be exercised or can no longer be exercised. Standard Parisian barrier option-A standard Parisian barrier option involves a mechanism where if the maximum amount of time the underlying asset value has spent consecutively above or below a limit price, the option can be exercised or can no longer be exercised. Binary option-A binary opt ion pays a fixed amount or nothing at all, depending on the price of the underlying instrument at maturity. An Asian option is an option where the payoff is not determined by the underlying price at maturity but by the average underlying price over some pre-set period of time. Bermudan option an option that may be exercised only on specified dates on or before expiration. For a cleaner view, I summarized various types of options in to a table below: standard of classification Types of options Option buyerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s right Call option and put option Excises time of option buyers. European option and American option intrinsic value In the money options, out of the money options and at the Money options Trading place Exchange-traded options and OTC options(Over-the-counter) Structures of options exotic options and vanilla options Margin of option. Unsecured and secured options There are two main reasons why investors would use options: to reduce risk and to gain more profit such as to speculate and to hedge. These will be discussed later. There are two main types of options, one is the European option the other is American option. The European option can only be exercised on the expiry date, while the American options may be exercised at any time before or on the expiry date. Assume k is the strike price; T is the expiry date, and the payoffs Vt: Vt = (St-K) + (call option) Vt= (K-St) + (put option) In this case, S is the spot price of the underlying asset. (t=T) Next, I will discuss the option pricing problems. Options are a type of bond derivative; its price depends upon the movement of underlying assets. The change of price of underlying assets is random because it is a kind of risk asset. Once the price of underlying assets is confirmed, then the option price can be confirmed too. This is saying that at the time the price of the underlying asset is St, the option price w ill be Vt and there exists function V(S, t) so that Vt= (St, t). At the expiry date, the value of option VT is the payoffs. VT = (ST-K) + (call option) VT= (K-ST) + (put option) The option pricing problem is to calculate V=V(S, t), (0, V(S, T) = Especially when t=0, and let the stock price is S0, what is the premium? p=V (S0, 0) =? Therefore, the option pricing problem is a working backward problem. 1.3 Types of investors. Now, I will look at three types of people in the stock market Hedger: An individual who enters into hedging trades. Hedging is a way of reducing risk. Hedgers want to avoid exposure to adverse movements in the price of an asset. For example: A Chinese company needs to pay a British supplier one million pounds after 90days.The company is facing the risk of fluctuation of exchange rate. If there is a big exchange-rate rise, this will affect its anticipated profit because of the extra cost. If the exchange rate is 12.5 Yuan / pound. The company considers two Hedging plans in view of the probability that the exchange rate may rise. Plan 1. Buy a forward contract stated to use 12625000 Yuan to purchase one million pounds after 90days. Plan 2. Buy a call option contract stated to use 12500000 Yuan to purchase one million pounds after 90days and pay a 250000 Yuan premium (as 2%). I now list the two hedging strategies in the table below: Spot exchange rate (Yu an/pound) 90dayslater exchange rate(Yuan/pound) Without hedging Forward contract Purchase call option contract 12.5 Increase to13 13million Yuan 12,625,000 Yuan 12,750,000 Yuan Decrease to12 12million Yuan 12,625,000 Yuan 12,250,000yuan According to the statistics provided, it can be seen that there will be extra costs when the exchange rate rises if the company does not use any hedging strategies. The costs are fixed after90days if they choose the forward contract but they may miss the chance that if the exchange rate goes down, they will gain from unforeseen profit .Meanwhile the company will prevent extra costs (rise in exchange rate) and gain profits (decrease in exchange) if they choose to purchase the call options contract, but they have to pay the premium. Speculator: An individual who is taking a position in the market. Usually the individual is betting that the price of an asset will go up or that the price of an asset will go down. Options like futures provide a form of leverage. For a given investment, the use of options magnifies the financial consequences. Good outcomes become very good, while bad outcomes may cause the whole initial investment being lost. For example, assume the stock price of X at 30th of April is à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ¡666. The stock price may go up in August, and there are two investment strategies that investors may take. Investors spend à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ¡666000 cash on 1000 shares of stocksà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã¢â‚¬ º Investors purchase a call option contract which ends on 22nd of August: strike price is à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ¡680, 1000shares, assume investors paid à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ¡39000 premium for that. We now analyze the investorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s investment return in two different situations. (Ignore the interest rate) Case 1.If the stock price rises up to à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ¡730 on 22nd August. For strategy A: The investor sells stocks on 22nd August to get à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ¡730000 in cash. Return = (730000 -666000)/666000=9.6% For strategy B: The investor exercises his option and gets profit: Profit=730000-680000=à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ¡50000 Return = (50000-39000)/39000 Case 2.If the stock price drop to à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ¡660 instead of rise on 22nd August. Strategy A: Loss =666000-660000=à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ¡6000 Return= (660000-666000)/666000 Strategy B: The investorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s profit is=0 He will lose à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ¡39000, and the percentage loss is 100%. Arbitrageur à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" An individual engaging in arbitrage. Arbitrage à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" A trading strategy that takes advantage of two or more securities being mispriced relative to each other. Arbitrage opportunities cannot last for long. As arbitrageurs interfere in the market, the forces of supply and demand will bring the market back to equilibrium. Therefore, in my project most of the arguments concern financial derivatives such as option prices, and, forward contracts will be based on the assumption th at no arbitrage opportunities exist. 1.4 The Black Scholes Merton model There are seven important assumptions we use to derive the Black Scholes Model: It assumes that percentage changes in the stock price in a short period of time are normally distributed. It is defined as expected return on stock per year and as volatility of the stock price per year. This assumption suggests returns on the underlying stock are normally distributed, which is reasonable for most assets that offer options. It is possible to buy and sell any amount of stock, this includes short selling. There are no transactions costs , taxes or other fees. The stock pays no dividends during the options life. There are no arbitrage opportunities. Markets are efficient and Security trading is continuous. The risk free interest rate is constant and known.(